澳洲莫道克论文代写:行动自由

Keywords:澳洲莫道克论文代写:行动自由

例如，联合国、条约和经济全球化等国际组织都已开始微妙地限制各国的行动自由，因此也因此削弱了它们的管辖权。必须指出的是，司法边界既无边界也无主权。在某种程度上，所有的政治都被细分为更小的单位。这些细分意味着具有离散边界的司法管辖区。在联邦制度中，各分支机构本身有一定程度的自主权，因为它们在某些领域具有自由裁量权，而且不能被中心过度使用。然而，联邦单位被认为是联邦的一部分，而不是独立的主权。自从联合国成立以来，就一直有对国家主权的限制，例如，他们有权对邻国进行侵略。在这段时间里，各国已经签署了越来越多的条约，这些条约禁止他们进行核武器试验或滥用儿童权利。联合国和国际条约都是出了名的软弱，但它们仍然造成了一个概念上的困惑:一个“主权”政体的区别是什么，它废除了国际条约赋予的某些权利，以及一个废除某些权利而支持联邦政府的联邦机构。这个问题同联合国一样古老，正如联合国的名称所表明的;联合国体现了对某种世界联邦的渴望。
澳洲莫道克论文代写:行动自由
International organizations for example the UN, treaties, and economic globalization, have all begun to subtly constrain the states' freedom of action, and therefore has eroded their jurisdiction from above. It must be pointed out here that jurisdictional boundaries make neither borders nor sovereignty. All polities are subdivided into smaller units for administrative purposes to some extent. These subdivisions imply jurisdictions with discrete boundaries. In federal systems, the subdivisions have some degree of autonomy themselves, in the sense that they have discretion in certain areas and cannot be over-ridden by the centre. Yet federal units are considered part of the federation and not separate sovereignties. Ever since the founding of the UN there have been restrictions on states' sovereignty from above, on their right to engage in aggression against their neighbours for example. In the course of time, countries have signed up to more and more treaties which prevent them from, say, testing nuclear weapons, or abusing the rights of children. The UN and international treaties are notoriously weak, but they still create a conceptual puzzle: what is the difference between a "sovereign" polity which abrogates certain rights by international treaty and a federal unit which abrogates certain rights in favour of a federal government. This question is as old as the United Nations, as the name of the United Nations suggests; the UN embodies an aspiration towards some sort of world federation.